Most hoplites were not professional soldiers and often lacked sufficient military training. The hoplites were primarily represented by free citizens – propertied farmers and artisans – who were able to afford a linen armour or a bronze armour suit and weapons (estimated at a third to a half of its able-bodied adult male population). The formation discouraged the soldiers from acting alone, for this would compromise the formation and minimize its strengths. Hoplite soldiers used the phalanx formation to be effective in war with fewer soldiers. Hoplites ( / ˈ h ɒ p l aɪ t s/ HOP-lytes ) ( Ancient Greek: ὁπλίτης, romanized: hoplī́tēs ) were citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greek city-states who were primarily armed with spears and shields.
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